Characterization of Density and Stability of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Briquettes without Binder under Variations of Molding Temperature and Compaction Pressure
Abstract
The dependence on fossil fuels in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growing energy consumption, thus necessitating alternative energy sources that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) are agro-industrial waste with great potential to be utilized as raw material for briquette production; however, their utilization remains suboptimal. This study aims to analyze the effect of molding temperature and compaction pressure on the density and stability of binderless OPEFB briquettes. The research method employed is experimental, using a quantitative descriptive-analytical approach with non-carbonized briquettes. The treatment variations include molding temperatures (230°C, 250°C, and 280°C) and compaction pressures (1 MPa, 3 MPa, and 5 MPa) applied to two types of materials, namely dried and undried OPEFB. The results indicate that increasing temperature and compaction pressure significantly enhances briquette density. At a temperature range of 250–280°C and a pressure of 5 MPa, the briquettes achieved the highest density (>1.0 g/cm³) with strong shape stability. The thermoplastic lignin content in OPEFB melts at high temperatures, acting as a natural binder. Briquettes with a density ≥0.80 g/cm³ exhibited strong physical integrity, while those with a density <0.70 g/cm³ tended to be brittle. It can be concluded that the optimum conditions for producing high-quality binderless OPEFB briquettes are achieved at a temperature range of 250–280°C and a compaction pressure of 5 MPa, resulting in briquettes with excellent density and shape stability suitable as a renewable alternative energy source
References
Andriyansah, A. A. (2022). Analisis Karakteristik Briket dari Campuran Kulit Kopi (Coffea Arabica) dan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati dengan Perekat Tepung Tapioka. 55.
Bagaskoro, A. G. (2010). Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Campuran Perekat Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Arang Tongkol Jagung. Profesional, 8(1), 1–12. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/profesional/article/download/287/275
Davies, R. M., & Abolude, D. S. (2013). Ignition and burning rate of water hyacinth briquettes. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 2(1), 111–120.
Djeni, H., & Winarni, I. (2003). Physical and Chemical Properties of Briquetted Charcoal Using the Mixture of Sawdust and Woddy Slab Wastes. In Penelitian Hasil Hutan (Vol. 21, pp. 211–226).
Grover, P. D., & Mishra, S. K. (1996). Biomass Briquetting: Technology and Practices. FAO.
Haryanti, A., Norsamsi, N., Fanny Sholiha, P. S., & Putri, N. P. (2014). Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Kelapa Sawit. Konversi, 3(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v3i2.161
Ismayana, A., & Moh Rizal Afriyanto, dan. (2021). Pengaruh Jenis Dan Kadar Bahan Perekat Pada Pembuatan Briket BlotongSebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif. J. Tek. Ind. Pert, 186(3), 186–193.
Kurdiawan, Y. Z. (2014). Pemanfaatan Limbah Sekam Padi Menjadi Briket Sebagai Sumber Energi Alternatif dengan Proses Karbonisasi dan Nonkarbonisasi. Sepuluh Nopember Institute Of Technology.
Lestari, V. P. (2021). Ringkasan Permasalahan Dan Tatangan Program Peningkatan Kontribusi Energi Baru Dan Terbarukan Dalam Bauran Energi Nasional. Pusat Kajian Akuntabilitas Keuangan Negara, 1–5.
Mitchual, S. J., Frimpong-Mensah, K., & Darkwa, N. A. (2014). Effect of species, particle size and compacting pressure on relaxed density and compressive strength of fuel briquettes. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 5.
Mustofa, D. K. (2020). Studi Analisis Pengaruh Tekanan dan Komposisi Bahan terhadap Kualitas Briket Arang dari Tempurung Kemiri dan Tempurung Keluak. Journal of Agricultural and Biosystem, 1(1), 23–34.
Naim, D., Saputro, D. D., & Rusiyanto. (2012). Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Cetakan Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Kayu Sengon pada Tekanan Kompaksi 5000 Psig. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Learning.
Nurhayati. (2019). Karakteristik fisik dan kimia biobriket dari limbah cangkang sawit dan tempurung kelapa. Jurnal Agroindustri Halal, 5(1), 57–67.
Olorunnisola, A. . (2007). Production of fuel briquettes from waste paper and coconut husk admixtures. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 9, 1–11.
Petrie, E. M. (2000). Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants. The McGraw-Hill Companies.
Praevia, M. F., & Widayat, W. (2022). Analisis Pemanfaatan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Cofiring pada PLTU Batubara. Jurnal Energi Baru Dan Terbarukan, 3(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2022.13367
Rifdah, R., Herawati, N., & Dubron, F. (2017). Pembuatan Biobriket Dari Limbah Tongkol Jagung Pedagang Jagung Rebus Dan Rumah Tangga Sebagai Bahan Bakar Energi Terbarukan Dengan Proses Karbonisasi. Jurnal Distilasi, 2(2), 39. https://doi.org/10.32502/jd.v2i2.1202
Satmoko, M. E. A. (2013). Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Cetakan Terhadap Karakteristik Briket Kayu Sengon Pada Tekanan Kompaksi 6000 Psig (Vol. 1, Issue 1). Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Sindhuwati, C., Mustain, A., Rosly, Y. O., Aprijaya, A. S., Mufid, M., Suryandari, A. S., Hardjono, H., & Rulianah, S. (2021). Potensi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Bioetanol dengan Metode Fed Batch pada Proses Hidrolisis. Jurnal Teknik Kimia Dan Lingkungan, 5(2), 128–144. https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v5i2.224
Situngkir, D. I. (2022). Daya Saing Minyak Kelapa Sawit Indonesia di Pasar Global (Indonesia’s Palm Oil Competitiveness in the Global Market). Jurnal AGROTRISTEK, 1(1), 7–11.
Sotannde, O. A., Oluyege, A. O., & Abah, G. B. (2010). Physical and combustion properties of charcoal briquettes from neem wood residues. International Agrophysics, 24(2), 189–194.
Suryaningsih S., & Asni Azka. (2020). Pengaruh Tekanan Pembriketan Terhadap. 04(01), 23–28.
Thamrin, G. A., Yazan, S., Budi Sutiya, dan, Kehutanan Universitas Lambung Magkurat Jl Ahmad Yani Km, F., & Selatan, K. (2025). Quality Of Charcoal Briquettes From Processing Waste Of Kolang-Kaling (Arenga pinnata) and Alaban Wood Charcoal (Vitex pubescens). Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 13(1), 161–171.
Submitted
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Vokasi Mekanika (VoMek)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.svg_.png)
